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条件渲染 | Conditional Rendering

v-if

The directive v-if is used to conditionally render a block. The block will only be rendered if the directive's expression returns a truthy value.

v-if 指令用于条件性地渲染一块内容。这块内容只会在指令的表达式返回真值时才被渲染。

template
<h1 v-if="awesome">Vue is awesome!</h1>

v-else

You can use the v-else directive to indicate an "else block" for v-if:

你也可以使用 v-elsev-if 添加一个“else 区块”。

template
<button @click="awesome = !awesome">Toggle</button>

<h1 v-if="awesome">Vue is awesome!</h1>
<h1 v-else>Oh no 😢</h1>

Vue is awesome!

A v-else element must immediately follow a v-if or a v-else-if element - otherwise it will not be recognized.

一个 v-else 元素必须跟在一个 v-if 或者 v-else-if 元素后面,否则它将不会被识别。

v-else-if

The v-else-if, as the name suggests, serves as an "else if block" for v-if. It can also be chained multiple times:

顾名思义,v-else-if 提供的是相应于 v-if 的“else if 区块”。它可以连续多次重复使用:

template
<div v-if="type === 'A'">
  A
</div>
<div v-else-if="type === 'B'">
  B
</div>
<div v-else-if="type === 'C'">
  C
</div>
<div v-else>
  Not A/B/C
</div>

Similar to v-else, a v-else-if element must immediately follow a v-if or a v-else-if element.

v-else 类似,一个使用 v-else-if 的元素必须紧跟在一个 v-if 或一个 v-else-if 元素后面。

<template> 上的 v-if | v-if on <template>

Because v-if is a directive, it has to be attached to a single element. But what if we want to toggle more than one element? In this case we can use v-if on a <template> element, which serves as an invisible wrapper. The final rendered result will not include the <template> element.

因为 v-if 是一个指令,他必须依附于某个元素。但如果我们想要切换不止一个元素呢?在这种情况下我们可以在一个 <template> 元素上使用 v-if,这只是一个不可见的包装器元素,最后渲染的结果并不会包含这个 <template> 元素。

template
<template v-if="ok">
  <h1>Title</h1>
  <p>Paragraph 1</p>
  <p>Paragraph 2</p>
</template>

v-else and v-else-if can also be used on <template>.

v-elsev-else-if 也可以在 <template> 上使用。

v-show

Another option for conditionally displaying an element is the v-show directive. The usage is largely the same:

另一个可以用来按条件显示一个元素的指令是 v-show。其用法基本一样:

template
<h1 v-show="ok">Hello!</h1>

The difference is that an element with v-show will always be rendered and remain in the DOM; v-show only toggles the display CSS property of the element.

不同之处在于 v-show 会在 DOM 渲染中保留该元素;v-show 仅切换了该元素上名为 display 的 CSS 属性。

v-show doesn't support the <template> element, nor does it work with v-else.

v-show 不支持在 <template> 元素上使用,也不能和 v-else 搭配使用。

v-if vs. v-show

v-if is "real" conditional rendering because it ensures that event listeners and child components inside the conditional block are properly destroyed and re-created during toggles.

v-if 是“真实的”按条件渲染,因为它确保了在切换时,条件区块内的事件监听器和子组件都会被销毁与重建。

v-if is also lazy: if the condition is false on initial render, it will not do anything - the conditional block won't be rendered until the condition becomes true for the first time.

v-if 也是惰性的:如果在初次渲染时条件值为 false,则不会做任何事。条件区块只有当条件首次变为 true 时才被渲染。

In comparison, v-show is much simpler - the element is always rendered regardless of initial condition, with CSS-based toggling.

相比之下,v-show 简单许多,元素无论初始条件如何,始终会被渲染,只有 CSS display 属性会被切换。

Generally speaking, v-if has higher toggle costs while v-show has higher initial render costs. So prefer v-show if you need to toggle something very often, and prefer v-if if the condition is unlikely to change at runtime.

总的来说,v-if 有更高的切换开销,而 v-show 有更高的初始渲染开销。因此,如果需要频繁切换,则使用 v-show 较好;如果在运行时绑定条件很少改变,则 v-if 会更合适。

v-ifv-for

警告

It's not recommended to use v-if and v-for on the same element due to implicit precedence. Refer to style guide for details.

同时使用 v-ifv-for不推荐的,因为这样二者的优先级不明显。请查看风格指南获得更多信息。

When v-if and v-for are both used on the same element, v-if will be evaluated first. See the list rendering guide for details.

v-ifv-for 同时存在于一个元素上的时候,v-if 会首先被执行。请查看列表渲染指南获取更多细节。

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